CREATINE
Oct 15, 2009 5:31:52 GMT 10
Post by Tom Meulman on Oct 15, 2009 5:31:52 GMT 10
CREATINE
Kidneys, liver, pancreas and amino acids are all involved in the synthesis of Creatine.
Muscle contraction requires high energy, this energy is supplied by ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), this in turn, is produced by the action of Creatine + Phosphate using a specific enzyme as a catalyst. Thus Creatine acts as part of the high-energy reserve, that is required for rapid and sustained muscle contraction.
Injections of Phosphate (Coforta) will increase production of ATP, while injections of Adenosine Triphosphate (Dynacleine or Enerzyme) will directly increase high-energy reserves.
CREATINE + PHOSPHATE = ATP, HOW DOES IT WORK?
Creatine (Cr) is one of the basic muscle energy stores in the body, particularly in fast twitch fibre.
It combines with phosphate to form PCr
During exercise the phosphate and Creatine complex (PCr) is thought to be an immediate source for the high-energy phosphate groups with which to replenish ATP.
However there is some evidence to suggest that Creatine only contributes significantly to ATP for the first few seconds of intense activity.
Creatine Balance
In the racing Greyhound it is estimated that Creatine has a turnover rate of approximately 3g per day, meaning that about 3 grams of Creatine is irreversibly broken down to the waste product Creatinine, and 3 grams synthesized to replace it.
There appears to be a natural balance between Creatine within the cell and Creatine circulating in the blood. This balance can be altered only slightly by Creatine supplementation in the diet.
Within a few days, intracellular Cr levels reach a new equilibrium, however a much smaller fraction of this additional Creatine appears to be stored in the high-energy PCr form.
Finally the body appears to have a maximum level for circulating Creatine, and supplementation reduces Creatine production by the body.
Supplementation
Creatine can be found in many forms, raw muscle meat contains approximately 0.5% Creatine by weight, commercial supplements are also available.
It has been suggested that Greyhound muscle have a maximum capacity of roughly 300-mmol Creatine per Kg of muscle, making supplementation in excess of 30g per day pointless.
Energy Effect
A number of studies have examined the effect of Creatine supplementation on performance.
The consensus appears to be that, while not increasing strength, Creatine supplementation can increase the amount of energy available by about 8% and therefore increase the duration of function of fast twitch muscle fibre.
The mechanism of this enhancement is not yet clearly documented, but is most likely due to the increased availability of PCr.
Resting muscle does not require high energy, 60% of the energy required for maintenance of resting muscle is derived from direct use of carbohydrate diffusing into tissue from the blood circulation.
Increased Serum Creatine may indicate hyperactive thyroid, muscle disease or damage, infections or reduced carbohydrate metabolism.
INCREASED SERUM CREATININE
Creatinine, the waste product of Creatine metabolism is excreted in the urine, and is not believed to be toxic, but is accompanied by toxic waste products that cause problems when there is a decreased excretion of Creatinine by the kidneys.
Complete urine analysis (not just a general dipstick test) is essential to finding the exact cause and determining the appropriate treatment.
Kidneys, liver, pancreas and amino acids are all involved in the synthesis of Creatine.
Muscle contraction requires high energy, this energy is supplied by ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), this in turn, is produced by the action of Creatine + Phosphate using a specific enzyme as a catalyst. Thus Creatine acts as part of the high-energy reserve, that is required for rapid and sustained muscle contraction.
Injections of Phosphate (Coforta) will increase production of ATP, while injections of Adenosine Triphosphate (Dynacleine or Enerzyme) will directly increase high-energy reserves.
CREATINE + PHOSPHATE = ATP, HOW DOES IT WORK?
Creatine (Cr) is one of the basic muscle energy stores in the body, particularly in fast twitch fibre.
It combines with phosphate to form PCr
During exercise the phosphate and Creatine complex (PCr) is thought to be an immediate source for the high-energy phosphate groups with which to replenish ATP.
However there is some evidence to suggest that Creatine only contributes significantly to ATP for the first few seconds of intense activity.
Creatine Balance
In the racing Greyhound it is estimated that Creatine has a turnover rate of approximately 3g per day, meaning that about 3 grams of Creatine is irreversibly broken down to the waste product Creatinine, and 3 grams synthesized to replace it.
There appears to be a natural balance between Creatine within the cell and Creatine circulating in the blood. This balance can be altered only slightly by Creatine supplementation in the diet.
Within a few days, intracellular Cr levels reach a new equilibrium, however a much smaller fraction of this additional Creatine appears to be stored in the high-energy PCr form.
Finally the body appears to have a maximum level for circulating Creatine, and supplementation reduces Creatine production by the body.
Supplementation
Creatine can be found in many forms, raw muscle meat contains approximately 0.5% Creatine by weight, commercial supplements are also available.
It has been suggested that Greyhound muscle have a maximum capacity of roughly 300-mmol Creatine per Kg of muscle, making supplementation in excess of 30g per day pointless.
Energy Effect
A number of studies have examined the effect of Creatine supplementation on performance.
The consensus appears to be that, while not increasing strength, Creatine supplementation can increase the amount of energy available by about 8% and therefore increase the duration of function of fast twitch muscle fibre.
The mechanism of this enhancement is not yet clearly documented, but is most likely due to the increased availability of PCr.
Resting muscle does not require high energy, 60% of the energy required for maintenance of resting muscle is derived from direct use of carbohydrate diffusing into tissue from the blood circulation.
Increased Serum Creatine may indicate hyperactive thyroid, muscle disease or damage, infections or reduced carbohydrate metabolism.
INCREASED SERUM CREATININE
Creatinine, the waste product of Creatine metabolism is excreted in the urine, and is not believed to be toxic, but is accompanied by toxic waste products that cause problems when there is a decreased excretion of Creatinine by the kidneys.
Complete urine analysis (not just a general dipstick test) is essential to finding the exact cause and determining the appropriate treatment.